Cass Civ 1?re, 12 d?cembre 2006, No de RG 05-22119

INCADAT legal file Hague parental abduction

Legal challenge dismissed and decision refusing to return the child to Germany confirmed. The removal had been wrongful but Article 13(1)(b) had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Cass Civ 1?re (pourvoi n? 05-14646 )

INCADAT legal file Hague parental abduction

Challenge dismissed; the Cour d’Appel had been correct in finding that none of the exceptions had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Supreme Court of Finland 1995:110, S95/301

INCADAT legal file Hague parental abduction

Retention wrongful but return refused; the standard required under Article 13(1)(a) had been proved to show that the father had consented to the children living in Finland.