
Re J. (Children) (Abduction: Child’s Objections to Return) [2004] EWCA CIV 428
Appeal allowed and return refused; the child was of a sufficient age and maturity for his objections to be taken into account. The younger child

Appeal allowed and return refused; the child was of a sufficient age and maturity for his objections to be taken into account. The younger child

Removal wrongful and return ordered; the father was actually exercising his rights of custody and none of the exceptions had been proved to the standard

Appeal allowed and return ordered; by a majority verdict the Court of Appeal found that none of the exceptions had been proved to the standard

Removal wrongful and return ordered; the standard of harm required under Article 13(1)(b) had not been made out.

Appeal dismissed and return ordered; the retention was wrongful as the child was habitually resident in France at the relevant date.

Retention wrongful and return ordered; the child was habitually resident in Spain on the relevant date.

In respect of the elder child: The Convention was not applicable, the child having attained the age of 16 by the date of the hearing.

Appeal dismissed and return ordered; the retention was wrongful and the father had not acquiesced in the children’s retention.

Return ordered; the child was habitually resident in Canada on the relevant date and the child was wrongfully retained in Scotland after 5 March 1993.

Return ordered; in the light of the father’s undertakings the standard required under Article 13(1)(b) to indicate that the children would face a grave risk