Application dismissed; the child was not habitually resident in Australia on the relevant date.
Appeal allowed and return ordered; a grave risk of harm had not been established to the standard required under the Convention. The trial court had
Appeal dismissed and return ordered; the child’s objections did not satisfy the standard required under Article 13(2) of the Convention.
Appeal dismissed and return refused; the removal was wrongful but the children were now settled in their new environment and it would not be appropriate
Retention wrongful and return ordered. Article 13(2) had been proved to the standard required under the Convention, but the court exercised its discretion to make
Appeal dismissed and return ordered; Article 13(1)(b) had not been proved to the standard required under the Convention.
Appeal allowed and return refused; the retention was wrongful but Article 13(1)(b) had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.
Retention wrongful and return ordered. Acquiescence on the part of the applicant parent was established to the standard required under Article 13(1)(a) but the court