
Secretary for Justice v. N., ex parte C.
Appeal dismissed and return ordered; Article 13(1)(b) had not been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Appeal dismissed and return ordered; Article 13(1)(b) had not been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Appeal allowed and return refused; the retention was wrongful but Article 13(1)(b) had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Retention wrongful and return ordered. Acquiescence on the part of the applicant parent was established to the standard required under Article 13(1)(a) but the court

Return refused; the removal was wrongful but the standard required under Article 13(2) had been made out with respect to the two older children, while

Return ordered; the removal was wrongful as it was in breach of the father’s rights of custody.

Appeal allowed and return ordered; the removal was wrongful and it was questionable whether the standard required under Article 13(1)(b) had been made out. In

Return ordered; although the children objected to a return there was evidence of external pressure and the court exercised its discretion to make a return

Appeal allowed on the basis that there had been a breach of custody rights and case remitted to the District Court for the making of

Challenge to legality dismissed; the standard of harm required under Article 13(1)(b) had not been met and the return was therefore ordered.

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