Non-Convention Issues The application was not strictly brought under the Hague Convention but was clearly related to it and aimed to enforce the rights protected
The parents lived together in South Africa and had a child in 2012. The child had always been habitually resident in South Africa. The parents
The parents, both Indian citizens, lived together in the United Kingdom but were not married. In 2017 they had a child who is a British
The child, a 3-year-old girl at the date of the decision, was born in Mexico. She lived with her parents, who had gotten married under
Procedural Matters There was no need to for the child to be joined as a party to proceedings as the CAFCASS officer had appropriate skills
The parents had a child, born in 2017 in Maryland, USA. They married in 2018 and lived in Florida, USA, until June 2019 when the
The parents, both German nationals, lived together and had a child in Germany. In 2014 the mother took the child to New Zealand without the
The case is about a seven-year-old girl born in the city of Arica, Republic of Chile, where she lived with her mother, of Argentine nationality,
Grave Risk – Art. 13(1)(b) The 1980 Convention states that a court may refuse to order the return of the child if it would ‘expose
Removal and Retention – Arts 3 and 12 After applying an objective test the court found that an agreement was made between the parties to