Not all children who reject a parent are alienated. It is essential for proper management and treatment of cases of child alignment that alienated children be identified and differentiated from estranged children. Dr. Baker will review the Four-Factor Model for identifying parental alienation from estrangement. According to the model, children should be considered alienated only when all four factors are present: (1) there was a prior positive attachment between the child and the now rejected parent; (2) the rejected parent did not engage in abuse or neglect or seriously deficient parenting; (3) the favored parent engaged in multiple parental alienation behaviors; and (4) the child exhibits most if not all of the behavioral manifestations of alienation.

요약 이 논문은 양부모와 함께 사는 아이들에 비해 모자 가정에서 일본인 아이들의 안녕을 조사한다. 전국 자녀가있는 가구 조사의 세 차례에 걸친 데이터를 사용하여 저는 먼저